01920nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006900125300001400194490000700208520145500215100001801670700001601688700001701704856004101721       1979                        eng d  a0018-938300aApplication of the superposition principle to solar-cell analysis0 aApplication of the superposition principle to solarcell analysis  a165–1710 v263 aThe principle of superposition is used to derive from fundamentals the widely used shifting approximation that the current-voltage characteristic of an illuminated solar cell is the dark current-voltage characteristic shifted by the short-circuit photocurrent. Thus the derivation requires the linearity of the boundary-value problems that underlie the electrical characteristics. This focus on linearity defines the conditions that must hold if the shifting approximation is to apply with good accuracy. In this regard, if considerable photocurrent and considerable dark thermal recombination current both occur within the junction space-charge region, then the shifting approximation is invalid. From a rigorous standpoint, it is invalid also if low-injection concentrations of holes and electrons are not maintained throughout the quasi-neutral regions. The presence of sizable series resistance also invalidates the shifting approximation. Methods of analysis are presented to treat these cases for which shifting is not strictly valid. These methods are based on an understanding of the physics of cell operation. This understanding is supported by laboratory experiments and by exact computer solution of the relevant boundary-value problems. For the case of high injection in the base region, the method of analysis employed accurately yields the dependence of the open-circuit voltage on the short-circuit current (or the illumination level).1 aLindholm, F A1 aFossum, J G1 aBurgess, E L  uhttps://www.pveducation.org/node/34400760nas a2200145   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006300120260001200183300001400195490000700209520034100216100001600557856004100573       1977                        eng d  a0018-938300aPhysical operation of back-surface-field silicon solar cells0 aPhysical operation of backsurfacefield silicon solar cells  c04/1977  a322 - 3250 v243 a<p> Using exact numerical solutions of carrier transport in the back-surface-field silicon solar cell both for guidance and for verification, the physical mechanisms effective in this device are identified and explained. Concise analytical descriptions of the cell performance, based on the pertinent device physics, are formulated.</p>1 aFossum, J G  uhttps://www.pveducation.org/node/309